At this reservation were placed members of the Anadarko, Caddo, Tehuacana, Tonkawa, and Waco, together with smaller groups of the Cherokee, Chocktaw, Delaware, and Shawnee. The Upper Brazos Indian reservation had Southern Comanche located 45 miles to the west in Throckmorton County. Under the guidance of the U.S. agents, the Indians of the Lower Brazos River Reservation made progress in agriculture, stock raising and other arts of civilization.

A post office was founded on the agency grounds by sutler Charles E. Barnard on 24 November 1857 which continued until its closing on 9 December 1859.

The first school in Young County was the Indian school located on the Indian reservation. The purpose of the school was for the benefit and education of the Indian children. Zachariah Ellis Coombes, Sr. was the only teacher for the reservation school. He kept a diary during the years of 1858-1859, which is still prized by his descendants. Mr. Coombes was employed by the U.S. Government at a salary of $800 per year. Federal records show Coombes was Superintendent of Indian Affairs in Texas to supply food and lodging for those entering the reservation.

Drought and other adversities led to the closing of the Reservation. It was closed in August 1859 when the Indians were removed to Oklahoma settling near: Fort Cobb, Anadarko and Fort Sill by Indian Agent, Major Robert Simpson Neighbors. The reservation lands reverted to the State of Texas, and were opened to the pre-exemption to Texas citizens in 1871.

The Texas State Historial Marker for the Reservation faces Elm Street near the entrance of Shawnee Springs Park at the corner of Elm and South Streets. There are three identical Texas State Historical Markers for the Reservation Schoool - One is located on Finis Road, near the Reservation school, the second marker is near the rock flower garden on Elm Street west of Shawnee Park, and the third marker is in Shawnee Springs Park. All four markers are located on the grounds of the Lower Brazs Indian Reserve.